Compendium

Materials Science Tier 3 — Family Indexes

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Materials Science Tier 3 — Family Indexes

Tier 3 in the Materials Science cluster holds family-level catalogs: groupings of materials by chemistry or processing route, with grade-level designations, real property numbers, manufacturer + standard references, and links upward into the Tier 1/2 conceptual notes. These notes are intended as lookup references during design, failure analysis, sourcing, and trade-study work — not as introductory tutorials. For the conceptual treatment of why a material behaves a certain way, follow the upward cluster MOC and the relevant Tier 2 note (mechanical-behavior-of-materials, crystallography-phase-diagrams, characterization-methods, electronic-structure-and-computational-materials, biomaterials).

The catalog files lean on SI units throughout (MPa, GPa, K or °C, kg/m³, W/m·K) and quote real grade designations (UNS, AMS, ASTM, ISO, DIN/EN, JIS, GB), real trademark names with the parent company, and where useful real production figures from named producers (ATI, Carpenter, Howmet, Haynes, Special Metals, Cleveland-Cliffs, Nucor, ArcelorMittal, China Baowu, Nippon Steel, POSCO, Voestalpine, DuPont, Solvay, Victrex, Arkema, Covestro, BASF, SABIC, NatureWorks, Lenzing, Toyobo, Teijin, Honeywell). When properties vary by processing (e.g. annealed vs precipitation-hardened, isotropic wrought vs single-crystal vs LPBF additive), the catalog calls that out — Tier 3 is the place to keep the processing-property fingerprint rather than a single representative value.

Published Tier 3 catalogs

  • alloy-and-superalloy-catalog — Steels (HSLA, tool, ultra-high-strength like Aermet 100 / AF1410 / Maraging 350 / Eglin / HY-130), stainless (austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex 2205/2507, superaustenitic AL-6XN, precipitation-hardened 17-4PH / 15-5PH / 13-8Mo / Custom 465), aluminum highlights (2024-T3, 7075-T6, 6061-T6, 5083, 7050, 2055; full catalog in Engineering Tier 3), titanium (Ti-6Al-4V Grade 5, ELI medical, β alloys Ti-5553 / Ti-15-3 / Beta-C, near-α Ti-1100 / Ti-6242S; full catalog in Engineering Tier 3), nickel superalloys (Inconel 600/601/625/690/706/718, Hastelloy X / C-276, Waspaloy, René 41, Udimet 720, MAR-M-247, CMSX-4 / CMSX-10, GTD-444, IN-738LC, Rene 88DT), cobalt superalloys (Stellite 6/12, MAR-M-509, Tribaloy T-800, biomedical CoCrMo F75/F1537/F90), iron-based (A-286, Discaloy, Inconel 706, Pyromet), copper alloys (Brass 360, Bronze C932, CuNi 90/10 + 70/30, BeCu C17200, GlidCop), magnesium (AZ31 / AZ91 / WE43 / ZK60 / Elektron 21), zinc (ZAMAK 3/5/7, ZA-8/12/27), lead solder (eutectic Sn-Pb, RoHS-compliant SAC305, Pb-Sb battery, Pb-Sn-Sb babbitt), refractory (Mo-TZM, Mo-La, Nb1Zr, Ta-2.5W, C-103 — used on SpaceX Raptor/Merlin nozzles — MoSi2), specialty/emerging (amorphous metals Vitreloy 1, high-entropy CoCrFeMnNi Cantor + AlCoCrFeNi, shape-memory Nitinol NiTi), and manufacturing routes (VIM + VAR + ESR, investment casting for single-crystal DS turbine blades at Howmet/PCC/GE/RTX, PM-HIP, LPBF/DED/binder-jet additive at EOS / SLM / Renishaw / GE Additive / Velo3D / Sciaky / Norsk Titanium, WAAM, forging at ATI/Universal Stainless/Howmet/Arconic, hot+cold rolling).
  • polymer-properties-and-applications — Commodity (LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE PE100, PP, PVC, PS/EPS, PET bottle-grade IV 0.72-0.80, PA66, PA6, PA12), engineering (PC Lexan/Makrolon, PMMA Plexiglas/Perspex, PBT, PSU Udel, PES, PPS Ryton/Fortron, PEI Ultem, PEEK Victrex, PEK/PEKK/PAEK family, PI Kapton, POM Delrin/Hostaform, LCP Vectra/Xydar, PPO Noryl, ETFE Tefzel/Fluon for architectural roofing at Allianz Arena and Beijing Water Cube), fluoropolymers (PTFE Teflon, PFA, FEP, PVDF Kynar piezoelectric battery binder, PCTFE, FKM Viton, FFKM Kalrez), elastomers (NR, SBR for tires, BR, IIR butyl for tire inner liners, EPDM, NBR nitrile, silicone, TPE/TPV/TPU, PU elastomer), biodegradable + bio-based (PLA Ingeo from NatureWorks, PHA Danimer/Mango/Cove, PHBV, PCL, PBS, starch blends Mater-Bi by Novamont, regenerated cellulose Lyocell/Tencel by Lenzing, rayon viscose), bioabsorbable medical (PGA Dexon first suture 1970, PLGA copolymers, Mg-WE43 Absorb stent withdrawn 2017), specialty (aramids Kevlar / Twaron / Nomex, UHMWPE Dyneema/Spectra ballistic, PBO Zylon by Toyobo), conductive (PEDOT:PSS Heraeus Clevios, polyaniline, polypyrrole), and filler systems (glass fiber, carbon fiber T700/T800/IM7, graphite/CNT/graphene, talc/mica/CaCO3/silica, nano-clay Cloisite). Property tables list Tg, Tm, Young’s modulus, density, solvent resistance, and processing window (extrusion / injection / FFF / SLS / SLA / DLP / autoclave compression).
  • high-entropy-alloys-and-nanomaterials — High-entropy alloys: equiatomic FCC (Cantor CoCrFeMnNi, CoCrFeNi), BCC refractory (HfNbTaTiZr, MoNbTaW Senkov), eutectic HEAs, AlCoCrFeNi-type duplex, irradiation-tolerant Ni-Cr-Fe HEAs for Gen-IV fission, cryogenic toughness data (Otto / Liu / George papers); anchored to mechanical-behavior-of-materials for solid-solution and short-range order strengthening. Nanomaterials: CNTs (single-wall CoMoCAT/HiPco, multi-wall CVD; OCSiAl Tuball industrial-scale), graphene + GO + rGO (CVD on Cu, Hummers vs modified Hummers oxidation), nanowires (Ag, Cu, Si for Li anodes), quantum dots (CdSe core-shell, InP, perovskite QD), magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 superparamagnetic for MRI contrast Feridex/Resovist), gold nanoparticles for diagnostics, MXenes (Ti3C2Tx, Mo2CTx — Drexel 2011), silicene/germanene/stanene 2D analogs.
  • refractory-and-thin-film-deposition — Refractory materials: engineering ceramics (Al2O3, ZrO2 — Y-TZP partially stabilized — SiC, Si3N4, AlN, BN, B4C), refractory carbides + nitrides + borides (TaC m.p. 3880°C, HfC, ZrB2 for ultrahigh-temperature ceramics UHTC), MAX phases (Ti3SiC2, Ti2AlC, Cr2AlC; machinable layered ternary carbides), and refractory metals overlapping the alloy catalog (Mo/W/Ta/Nb/Re); producers CoorsTek, Morgan Advanced Materials, Saint-Gobain, Kyocera, NGK, CeramTec. Thin-film deposition: PVD (sputter DC + RF + magnetron + HiPIMS, e-beam evap, thermal evap, PLD, MBE), CVD (LPCVD, PECVD, MOCVD for GaN-on-Si epi at Aixtron/Veeco, ALD at Picosun/Beneq/Veeco), wet (spin coating, slot-die for OPV/perovskite, dip coating, electroplating Cu damascene); linked to characterization-methods for in-situ RHEED + ellipsometry monitoring.
  • mof-cof-perovskite-catalog — MOF + COF: MOF-5 / HKUST-1 / ZIF-8 / UiO-66 / MIL-101 / NU-1000 / PCN-222; gas storage + separation (H2, CH4, CO2) at named vendors NuMat/Mosaic Materials/Svante; COF-1, COF-5, TpPa-1; porous polymer overlap; anchored to electronic-structure-and-computational-materials. Perovskites: ABX3 halide perovskites for PV (MAPbI3, FAPbI3, CsPbI3 mixed-cation triple-cation Cs/MA/FA; 26.1% NREL certified single-junction record 2025; tandem Si-perovskite Oxford PV 28-29%); oxide perovskites (BaTiO3 ferroelectric, SrTiO3, La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 CMR, PMN-PT relaxor, LaAlO3-SrTiO3 2DEG); double perovskites (Cs2AgBiBr6 lead-free); vendors Oxford PV, Saule, Tandem PV.
  • magnetic-and-optical-materials — Magnetic materials: soft (Fe-Si grain-oriented for transformers — Goss texture — NO/GO laminations, Permalloy 80Ni-20Fe + Mu-metal, amorphous Metglas 2605SA1, nanocrystalline Finemet/Vitroperm), hard (NdFeB sintered N52 + bonded; SmCo 1:5 + 2:17; ferrite SrFe12O19; AlNiCo 5/8); MnBi rare-earth-free; magnetocaloric Gd, Gd5Si2Ge2, LaFeSi; spintronic (MgO MTJ tunnel junctions; Heusler alloys Co2MnSi half-metallic). Optical materials: laser hosts (Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG for industrial fiber lasers IPG/Coherent, Ti:sapphire, Er:glass eye-safe, Cr:ZnSe mid-IR), nonlinear crystals (KTP, BBO β-BaB2O4, LBO, LiNbO3 — Mg-doped congruent, PPLN, KTiOPO4), scintillators (NaI:Tl, CsI:Tl, LYSO, BGO, plastic for PET imaging Siemens/GE/Philips); IR windows (ZnSe CVD, ZnS multispectral, Ge, Si, CaF2, sapphire); fiber optic (silica step-index SMF-28 Corning, GeO2-doped MMF, fluoride ZBLAN mid-IR, chalcogenide As2S3); photonic crystal fiber Bath/NKT.

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